Estimated energy, EE, plotted against seismic moment
M0, for a number of large recent earthquakes. Note that
the three recent "tsunami earthquakes" (N, Nicaragua; J, Java, and
P, Peru), as well as the 1946 Aleutian event (A), exhibit
a deficiency of more than one order of magnitude in their
EE/M0 ratio,
as compared, for example, to that predicted by scaling laws ("CB-95").
By contrast, events such as the 1939 Chilean earthquake, and the 2001
Nisqually and Hiroshima (H) earthquakes are "snappy", i.e., they
release more high-frequency energy than scaling laws would suggest.
[After Newman and Okal, 1998].